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    • A theoretica foundation...pdf.jpg
    • Bài báo/Newspaper

    • A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation

      • Authors: James E. Anderson (1979)

    • The intent of this paper is to provide a theoretical explanation for the gravity equation applied to commodities. It uses the properties of expenditure systems with a maintained hypothesis of identical homo thetic preferences across regions. Products are differentiated by place of origin (for a justification, see Peter Isard). The gravity model constrains the pure expenditure sys tem by specifying that the share of na tional expenditure accounted for by spend ing on tradeables (openness to trade) is a stable unidentified reduced-form function of income and population.
    • BB.2121_Note on the measurement.pdf.jpg
    • Bài báo/Newspaper

    • Note on the Measurement of Elasticity of Substitution in International Trade

      • Authors: Polak. J. J. (1950)

    • The elasticity of export supply, as can be seen, is an increasing function of each of three variables: the elasticity of supply of the ex ported goods, the proportion of potential ex ports consumed domestically, and the elasticity of the domestic demand for these potential ex ports. Certain of the results in the text, again, are stated in terms of one or more of these components separately, to the exclusion of the resultant, ex. As in the demand case, the math ematical development is simpler if e, be used alone and the components regarded as acting through this one term. There is no substantive difference between the two treatments, and similar relationships can be derived on ...
    • BB.2123_The Supply and Demand for Exports A Simultaneous Approach.pdf.jpg
    • Bài báo/Newspaper

    • The Supply and Demand for Exports: A Simultaneous Approach

      • Authors: Morris Goldstein (1978)

    • In the relatively few cases where a supply function for exports has actually been speci fied,2 it has usually not been possible to obtain an estimate of the supply price elasticity either because the relevant structural parameters could not be recaptured from the reduced-form estimating equation, or because the structural supply equation itself did not posit a direct relationship between the quantity of exports supplied and export prices.3 For example, the recent study by Amano (1974) on the export behavior of ten industrial countries contains explicit export demand and export supply functions but the over-identified nature of that model prevents one from obtaining estimates...